I don't have any idea really what is wrong but my advice is to try as hard as you can to make it NOT a big deal. of course have his eyes checked or physical things ruled out but if you start worrying about HIM worrying, he will pick up on your worry and then you have this vicious cycle going. Try to be matter of fact when he does out. Not mean of course but just firm. we are ALL going out. go with them. if he tries to go back in, go out farther with him until he potties. I think a treat for going potty would be appropriate too.
sometimes a leash makes them feel more secure. My old dog Kerby was fine in the yard but if we walked out farther onto our property, she liked the leash (she was old and not seeing well)